#include<iostream>
#include<string> //to use the string class functions

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	//We declare strings by using "string" as a data type and declaring a variable
	//strings can be initalized with quoted string literals
	string cat ="meow";
	string fruit ="apple";

	//To print a string, we can just use cout
	cout<<cat<<"\t"<<fruit<<endl;

	//size() returns the current size of the string.
	//capacity() returns the largest possible size for the string
	cout<<"Size of fruit: "<<fruit.size()<<". Capacity of fruit: "<<fruit.capacity()<<endl;

	//read in using getline
	getline(cin, fruit, '\n');
	cout<<"Size of fruit: "<<fruit.size()<<". Capacity of fruit: "<<fruit.capacity()<<endl;
	
	//We can also use cin to read a string, but it can only read one word
	cin>>cat;

	/*Comparing strings can be done with realtional operators or using
 	 *the compare function.
	 *The results will be in lexicographic order, where uppercase letters occure before lowercase letters.*/ 
	if(cat == fruit)
		cout<<"They are the same"<<endl;
	else if(cat < fruit)
			cout<<cat<<" comes before "<<fruit<<endl;
	else cout<<fruit<<" comes before "<<cat<<endl;

	if(cat.compare(fruit)==0)
		cout<<"They are the same"<<endl;
	else if(cat.compare(fruit)<0)
			cout<<cat<<" comes before "<<fruit<<endl;
	else cout<<fruit<<" comes before "<<cat<<endl;

	//getting the substring. this example will get the substring starting from position x and get the next l letters.
	cout<<"Enter an index: ";
	int x,l;
	cin>>x;
	cout<<"Enter a length: ";
	cin>>l;

	cout<<"The substring is "<<fruit.substr(x,l)<<endl;

	//this example will insert the new string at position x
	string newstring;
	cin>>newstring;
	fruit.insert(x, newstring);

	cout<<"Fruit is now "<<fruit<<endl;

	//This will return the first position of the given search string 
	cout<<"Enter the string you want to find: ";
	cin>>newstring;

	if(fruit.find(newstring,0)>0)
		cout<<"Found the substring"<<endl;
	else cout<<"Search string not found"<<endl;




	return 0;
}